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Homunculus Nebula
The Homunculus Nebula is a bipolar emission and reflection nebula surrounding the massive star system Eta Carinae. The nebula is embedded within the much larger Carina Nebula, a large star-forming ionized hydrogen (HII) region. From the Latin meaning ''Little Man'', the Homunculus itself is effectively a small HII region, with gas shocked into ionised and excited states. It also absorbs much of the light from the extremely luminous central stellar system and re-radiates it as infra-red (IR). It is the brightest object in the sky at mid-IR wavelengths.
Within the Homunculus is a smaller ''Little Homunculus'', and within that a shell of shocked material from stellar winds that has been called ''Baby Homunculus''.〔
==Observational history==
In 1914, Eta Carinae was reported to have a faint companion and also be non-stellar: "fuzzy".
Observations in 1944 and 1945 showed a somewhat elongated nebulosity around 5" wide and 10" long. It was recognised to be expanding consistent with having originated in an explosion in the mid 19th century, measured at 3".2 - 7".5 per century. At that time the shape of the nebula showed a central bulge with a single large lump to the NW and two smaller extensions to the SE, which was described as a ''Homunculus''. Other observations at around the same time described a strongly orange (Hα) central region in a larger fainter green (OIII) nebulosity. The phrase "red spade-beard" was applied, but this name didn't catch on.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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